Meticulous analyses of the brain data revealed that when the mice used their memory the place field cells oscillated in the same frequency as the memory cells (at 35 Hz), but tuned into the vibe of the sensory cells when they appeared to be using landmarks (60 Hz). Then, mice headed to the usual location of the treat, probably using landmarks to orientate, but other times they just relied on the memorized sequence of left and right turns and ended up in the wrong maze arm. To test how the animals are able to navigate to the goal, researchers challenge them by starting them, every once in a while, from a different maze arm than they are used to. The mice were trained to do their search for the reward from a fixed starting point and started to take the shortest route to the treat quite routinely. The researchers used a maze in the shape of the Pentagon, with five corridors in which a treat was hidden or not. Because the devices - that weigh only two grams and don't seem to bother the free roaming rodents - measure several cells at a time, the network activity can be followed as well, Francesco Battaglia explains. The tiny implanted electrodes can collect and send information about individual brain cells at work. Using implants in the brains of mice, the neuroscientists have found the first direct proof of the way the brain tuning knob works. This research sheds light on the intriguing question how brain parts choose relevant information from the constant scattering of neurons going on in the brain. The brain area representing the mental map synchronizes with these frequencies like a radio receiver: it is only tuning into the information that is important at a given time, an international team of researchers led by Francesco Battaglia from the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour at Radboud University Nijmegen show. But how does the mental map upload this information?ĭirect measurements in the brain of mice, looking for their way in a maze, show that memory information is sent with another frequency to the mental map than sensory information is. The mental map is fed by two sorts of information: with memories from earlier experiences, and with sensory information. These cells correspond with places in the physical space and fire when the animal reaches the place or remembers it. Animals (and humans alike) have a mental map of the surrounding environment, consisting of place cells.
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